Feteleza wa Chimanga ku Malawi: Basal ndi Top Dressing

Feteleza amapereka phindu labwino ngati mlimi wasankha mtundu woyenera, wauthira pa nthawi yoyenera ndipo wauika pamalo amene mizu ya chimanga ingaufikire. Musakopere mlingo wa munda wina popanda kufunsa. Nthaka ndi mvula zimasiyana m’madera a Malawi, choncho malangizo oyenera malo ena angawononge ndalama kapena mbewu kwina.

Gwiritsani ntchito nkhaniyi pokonzekera ntchito, koma tsimikizani mtundu, mlingo ndi njira yoyezera ndi mlangizi wa ulimi. Ngati kuyezetsa nthaka kulipo, gwiritsani ntchito zotsatira zake posankha michere.

Basal ndi Top Dressing Zimagwira Ntchito Zosiyana

Basal fertilizer amathiridwa pobzala kapena chimanga chitangomera. Amapereka michere yofunika pa kukula kwa mizu ndi mbewu yoyambirira. Top dressing amathiridwa chimanga chitakhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka nitrogen yothandiza masamba ndi tsinde kukula.

Buku la Farmer Field School la Unduna wa Zaulimi limapereka chitsanzo cha 100 kg pa hekitala ya 23:21:0+4S ngati basal, kenako 150 kg pa hekitala ya urea patatha masabata atatu kapena anayi chimanga chamera. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha malangizo a alangizi, osati mlingo wa munda uliwonse. Mlingo ndi mtundu woyenera zimatengera dera, nthaka ndi mbewu.

Musasinthe DAP, NPK, CAN kapena urea chifukwa chakuti thumba linalake ndi lomwe likupezeka. Zili ndi michere yosiyana. Mlangizi akuthandizeni kusintha malangizo kukhala mtundu wa feteleza womwe ukugulitsidwa m’dera lanu.

Nthawi Yothira Feteleza

Pobzala kapena chimanga chitangomera

Thirani basal pa nthawi yobzala kapena pa nthawi yoyambirira yomwe akulangizidwa m’deralo. Buku la Unduna limatchula pobzala kapena patatha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri.

Feteleza asakhudze mbewu. Muikeni pambali pa malo obzala ndipo mufundeni ndi dothi. Akakhudza mbewu kapena mizu yaing’ono akhoza kuiwotcha. Tsatirani kuya ndi mtunda umene mlangizi wasonyeza pa mizere kapena zitunda zanu.

Masabata atatu kapena anayi chimanga chamera

Thirani top dressing pamene chimanga chikukula bwino, nthawi zambiri patatha masabata atatu kapena anayi. Musadalire masiku okha. Onetsetsani kuti chimanga chakhazikika ndipo nthaka ili ndi chinyezi chothandiza.

Kafukufuku wa ku Malawi akusonyeza kuti nthawi yoyenera ndi kugawa nitrogen m’magawo kungathandize mbewu kugwiritsa ntchito michere bwino. Ngati malangizo a m’dera lanu akufuna mlingo wogawidwa, tsatirani magawo omwe aperekedwa.

Musathire urea pa nthaka youma kwambiri, yodzaza madzi kapena mvula yamphamvu yomwe ingayendetse feteleza ikuyembekezeka. Thirani pamene nthaka ili ndi chinyezi ndi mwayi wa mvula yofewa, kenako mufundire monga akulangizira.

Njira Yothira Pang’onopang’ono

1. Tsimikizani malangizo. Funsani za mtundu, mlingo, nthawi ndi kukula kwa munda, ndipo werengani label ya thumba. 2. Yezerani munda. Sinthani mlingo wa hekitala molondola kukhala kukula kwa munda wanu. 3. Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera cholinganizidwa. Makapu a m’nyumba, zivindikiro ndi zikhato sizifanana. 4. Dzitetezeni. Valani magolovesi ndi nsapato zotseka; sambani mutagwira feteleza. Sungani kutali ndi ana, nyama, chakudya ndi madzi. 5. Ikani ndi kufundira. Ikani kuchuluka kofanana pamalo oyenera, kutali ndi mbewu ndi tsinde, kenako fundirani ndi dothi. 6. Lembani mbiri. Lembani mtundu, kuchuluka, munda, tsiku, mvula ndi msinkhu wa chimanga.

Pewani Kutaya Feteleza

• Musagwiritse ntchito mlingo umodzi popanda malangizo a m’deralo.
• Musaike feteleza pa mbewu, masamba kapena tsinde.
• Musangoyerekezera choyezera kapena kusintha mtundu popanda kuwerengera michere.
• Musathire nitrogen yonse msanga ngati malangizo akufuna kugawa.
• Musathire top dressing pa chimanga chovutika kwambiri ndi chilala kapena madzi ambiri.
• Musaganize kuti manyowa amalowa m’malo mwa feteleza pa chiwerengero chokhazikika.

Manyowa okhwima kapena compost amathandiza kamangidwe ka nthaka ndi kuwonjezera michere. Athireni msanga kuti asakanike ndi nthaka ndipo funsani momwe angasinthire mlingo wa feteleza wa mchere. Dongosolo labwino lingaphatikize zotsalira za mbewu, nyemba, manyowa, compost ndi feteleza wolunjika bwino.

Mukamaliza kuthira, yang’anani chimanga m’masiku ndi masabata otsatira. Lembani ngati masamba akusintha mtundu, ngati kukula kukufanana m’munda wonse, komanso momwe mvula yagwera. Musathirenso feteleza chifukwa choona kusintha kwa mtundu kokha; tizilombo, matenda, madzi ochuluka ndi nthaka ya asidi zingayambitsenso zizindikiro zofanana. Tengani chitsanzo kapena zithunzi kwa mlangizi kuti adziwe chifukwa chenicheni musanawonjezere ndalama zina.

Konzekerani kufufuza kwina kwa munda

Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi malangizo a kubzala ndi mipata. Ngati mbewu sizikuyankha mofanana, lembani zigawo zofooka ndi dongosolo la chonde cha nthaka ndipo yezani pH musanaganize zongowonjezera feteleza.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndingathire urea nthaka ikauma?

Dikirani chinyezi choyenera ndi malangizo a mvula. Urea pa nthaka youma sangagwiritsidwe bwino, ndipo mvula yamphamvu ingautenge kutali ndi mizu.

Feteleza akhale pafupi bwanji ndi chimanga?

Akhale pafupi kuti mizu ifike koma asakhudze mbewu kapena tsinde. Mtunda umasiyana ndi njira yobzala, choncho tsatirani zimene mlangizi wasonyeza.

Kodi manyowa angalowe m’malo mwa feteleza onse?

Osati pa chiwerengero chokhazikika. Ubwino wa manyowa umasiyana. Kuyezetsa nthaka kapena malangizo a m’deralo n’kofunika kudziwa michere yomwe ikufunikabe.

Kasamalidwe kabwino ka feteleza kamafuna kulondola, nthawi yoyenera ndi malangizo a m’deralo. Tsimikizani malangizo, yezerani bwino, tetezani mbewu ndi tsinde, ndipo sungani mbiri.

*Nkhaniyi ndi yophunzitsira basi. Zofunikira za feteleza zimasiyana ndi nthaka, mvula, mtundu wa chimanga ndi dera. Tsimikizani mtundu, mlingo ndi njira yoyezera ndi mlangizi wa ulimi wa ku Malawi musanathire.*