Mbewu Zopirira Chilala kwa Alimi a ku Malawi

Nthawi zina chilala chimafika mlimi atagula kale mbewu, kukonza malo ndi kubzala. Mbewu ndi mitundu yopirira chilala zingachepetse chiopsezo, koma sizingakule popanda madzi ndipo sizilowa m’malo mwa nthaka yabwino ndi kasamalidwe koyenera. Cholinga ndi kusankha mbewu zoyenera dera, kugawa chiopsezo pa mbewu zingapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zalangizidwa m’boma lanu.

Kodi Kupirira Chilala Kumatanthauza Chiyani?

Mawu akuti “yopirira chilala” si chitsimikizo cha zokolola. Mbewu zina zimathawa chilala chifukwa zimacha msanga. Zina zimapirira kutentha kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi kwa kanthawi kuposa mitundu ina. Zotsatira zimadalirabe nthawi ya mvula, kuya kwa nthaka, tizirombo, ubwino wa mbewu ndi kasamalidwe.

World Bank imatchula kusiyanasiyana kwa mbewu ndi zakudya ngati njira zofunika pokonzekera chilala ku Malawi. Izi zikuthandiza njira ya dengu: sungani mbewu yomwe banja limadziwa, kenako onjezerani imodzi kapena ziwiri zoyenera kwanuko m’malo mosintha munda wonse nthawi imodzi.

Mbewu Zomwe Mungaganizire

Chimanga chopirira chilala

Chimanga n’kofunika kwa mabanja ambiri. Chimanga chopirira chilala kapena chocha msanga chingachepetse chiopsezo pamene nyengo ya mvula si yodalirika. Koma dzina limeneli liyenera kukhala la mtundu wovomerezeka kuchokera ku gwero lodalirika. CIMMYT ndi ofufuza a zaulimi ku Malawi apanga ndi kuyesa mitundu yotere. Funsani mlangizi kapena wogulitsa mbewu wolembetsedwa za mtundu womwe ukupezeka panopa ndi woyenera boma lanu.

Mapira ndi mchewere

Mapira, pearl millet ndi finger millet ndi njira zabwino m’madera otentha kapena a mvula yochepa. Mapulogalamu othana ndi chilala ku Malawi agwiritsa ntchito mbewu zabwino za mapira ndi mchewere m’madera oyenera. Mbewuzi zimafunikirabe kukolola bwino, kuteteza ku mbalame, kukonza ndi kudziwa ngati banja lidzadya kapena msika udzagula.

Nandolo, khobwe ndi mtedza

Mbewu za nyemba zimagawa chiopsezo ndipo zimapereka chakudya kapena ndalama. Ntchito za FAO ku Malawi zagwiritsa ntchito khobwe, nandolo ndi nyemba zina m’madongosolo opirira kusintha kwa nyengo, kuphatikizapo kubzala pamodzi ndi chimanga. Sankhani mtundu woyenera kutalika kwa nyengo ndi cholinga chake. Nyemba zimafunikirabe kupalira pa nthawi yake ndi kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda.

Chinangwa ndi mbatata

Mbewu za mizu zingapereke njira ina yokolola pamene mvula si yodalirika. Mapulogalamu a FAO ku Malawi aphatikiza chinangwa ndi mbatata m’mbewu zosiyanasiyana zopirira nyengo. Sizitanthauza kuti zingobzalidwa ndi kuiwalika. Gwiritsani ntchito nthambi kapena timitengo toyera, samalirani matenda ndipo konzani zosunga, kukonza kapena kukolola pang’onopang’ono.

Fananizani Mbewu ndi Malo

Dera laulimi	Mafunso oti mufunse
Lower Shire ndi madera otentha (Chikwawa, Nsanje, Balaka)	Kodi mbewuyi imapirira kutentha ndi nyengo ya mvula yochepa? Kodi mbewu ilipo nthawi yobzala isanafike?
Madera apakati a kumwera ndi kum’mawa (Machinga, Zomba, Mangochi)	Ndi cereal, legume kapena root crop iti yomwe ikugwirizana ndi nyengo ndi msika?
Central plateau (Dedza, Ntcheu, Kasungu)	Kodi mtundu wocha msanga ukufunika? Kodi chilala chapakati pa nyengo chingakhudze liti?
Mapiri ndi plateau ya kumpoto (Mzimba, Rumphi, Chitipa)	Kodi mbewuyi ikugwirizana ndi kuzizira, kutalika kwa malo ndi nyengo yokulira?

Musanagule, yerekezerani masiku ochera, dera lovomerezeka, gwero la mbewu, chakudya chomwe banja limakonda, antchito, tizirombo ndi wogula. Mbewu yomwe imapirira kusowa madzi koma ilibe chakudya kapena msika singathandize kwambiri.

Kubzala Kuti Mugwiritse Ntchito Chinyezi Bwino

Konzani malo pa nthawi yake kuti mubzale mvula yabwino ikafika. Tsatirani spacing ndi seed rate ya mbewu ndi mtundu umene mwasankha; musagwiritse ntchito spacing ya chimanga pa mapira, mchewere kapena nyemba. Chotsani udzu msanga chifukwa umapikisana ndi mbewu pa madzi. Sungani chophimba pa nthaka pomwe n’koyenera, chepetsani kukokoloka ndipo onjezerani zinthu zowola m’nthaka.

Musagwiritse ntchito malangizo a feteleza ofanana m’minda yonse. Nthaka, mbewu, mtundu wa feteleza ndi malangizo a m’deralo zimasiyana. Mlangizi angathandize kumvetsa soil test ndi malangizo atsopano.

Pangani Dongosolo la Chiopsezo Chochepa

Yesani mbewu kapena mtundu watsopano pa malo omwe mungathe kusamalira. Lembani gwero la mbewu, tsiku lobzala, mvula, ntchito zazikulu, zokolola ndi mmene banja kapena msika wagwiritsira ntchito. Yerekezerani ndi mbewu yanu yanthawi zonse m’nyengo yomweyo, osati ndi malonjezo otsatsa.

Pambuyo pokolola, onani mbewu yomwe yacha, yomwe yadya kapena kugulitsidwa ndi yomwe yafuna antchito ambiri. Umboni wa m’munda wanu ungapangitse dongosolo la nyengo yotsatira kukhala lenileni.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi chimanga chopirira chilala chimakula popanda mvula?

Ayi. Chingapirire kusowa kwa madzi kuposa mtundu wina, koma chimafunikabe madzi, nthaka yoyenera ndi kasamalidwe pa nthawi yake.

Kodi ndisinthe chimanga chonse ndi mapira kapena mchewere?

Nthawi zambiri n’kotetezeka kuyesa mbewu yovomerezeka pa gawo la munda musanawonjezere malo ake.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito tirigu wogula kumsika ngati mbewu?

Tirigu wa kumsika ukhoza kukhala wa mtundu wosadziwika kapena kusamera bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu yabwino kapena planting material yoyera kuchokera ku gwero lodalirika.

Ndi mbewu iti yabwino m’boma langa?

Palibe yankho limodzi. Funsani alangizi za dera laulimi, kutalika kwa nyengo, mitundu yomwe yavomerezedwa panopa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda a kwanuko.

*Nkhaniyi ndi yophunzitsira basi. Zotsatira za ulimi zimasiyana malinga ndi nthaka, nyengo, dera ndi kasamalidwe. Funsani katswiri wa zaulimi kapena mlangizi musanapange chisankho chachikulu.*