Ntchemberezandonda mu Chimanga: Kodi Tingathane Nazo Bwanji mu 2026 ndi 2027?

Chimanga chikamakula mofulumira m’nyengo ya mvula, kuwonongeka kwatsopano kwa masamba kungawonekere mwadzidzidzi. Musayambe ndi kupopera munda wonse. Choyamba tsimikizani tizilombo, yang’anani mbewu m’malo osiyanasiyana ndipo phatikizani njira zothandiza. Kuthana ndi ntchemberezandonda kumagwira bwino ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo pamodzi, osati mankhwala kapena njira imodzi yokha.

Kuthana ndi ntchemberezandonda ndi gawo limodzi la kasamalidwe ka munda. Werengani malangizo athu athunthu a kasamalidwe kophatikiza ka tizilombo toononga ku Malawi kuti mugwirizanitse kupewa, kuyang’anira, kuteteza tizilombo tothandiza ndi kuchitapo kanthu mosamala pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana.

Zam’katimu

• Mmene mungadziwire ntchemberezandonda
• Yang’anirani musanasankhe zochita
• Tetezani chimanga ndi tizilombo tothandiza
• Zomwe mlimi angachite ndi manja
• Nthawi yoganizira mankhwala
• Zolakwa zoyenera kupewa

Mmene Mungadziwire Ntchemberezandonda

Yang’anani masamba omwe ayamba kudyedwa kumene, mabowo osasalala ndi zinyalala zonyowa zooneka ngati utuchi mkati mwa chimanga. Mazira angakhale pa masamba. Mphutsi zazing’ono zimakanda pamwamba pa tsamba, ndipo zazikulu zimapanga mabowo oonekera kwambiri.

Tsimikizani mphutsi mosamala chifukwa tizilombo tina timawononganso chimanga. Mabowo akale amakhalabe ngakhale mphutsi yachoka. Kuwonongeka kwatsopano, zinyalala zatsopano ndi mphutsi yamoyo zimasonyeza kuti vuto likupitirirabe. Ngati simukutsimikiza, tengani chithunzi chomveka kwa mlangizi wa ulimi.

Yang’anirani Musanasankhe Zochita

Yendani munda m’njira ya W kapena zigzag ndipo imani m’malo angapo. Pamalo aliwonse, yang’anani chiwerengero chofanana cha mbewu. Lembani msinkhu wa chimanga, mbewu zomwe zawonongeka kumene, mphutsi zamoyo ndi tizilombo tothandiza tomwe mwaona.

Bwerezani kuyendera chimanga chili chaching’ono, makamaka mukangoona kuwonongeka kwatsopano. Musayang’ane m’mphepete mwa munda mokha. Yang’anani pakati pa chimanga, pamwamba ndi pansi pa masamba komanso pafupi ndi tsinde.

Misampha ya pheromone ingasonyeze kuti agulugufe akuluakulu alipo, koma siimalowa m’malo mwa kuyang’ana mbewu. Posankha zochita, ganizirani kuwonongeka kwatsopano, msinkhu wa chimanga, kukula kwa mphutsi, nyengo, mtengo wa njira ndi malangizo a m’deralo. Funsani ofesi ya alangizi za mlingo wovomerezeka wochitapo kanthu m’boma lanu.

Tetezani Chimanga ndi Tizilombo Tothandiza

FAO imafotokoza njira zothanirana ndi ntchemberezandonda ngati kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana pamene mlimi akuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osafunikira. Bzalani pa nthawi yovomerezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mbewu yoyenera, sungani chonde cha nthaka moyenera ndipo chepetsani udzu.

Pewani kupopera mankhwala amphamvu pa kalendala popanda kutsimikiza vuto. Nyerere, earwig, akangaude, kafadala, parasitoid ndi zamoyo zina zingadye mazira kapena mphutsi za ntchemberezandonda. Kupopera popanda kufunika kungaphe zamoyozi, kuika anthu ndi ziweto pachiwopsezo komanso kuwonjezera ndalama.

Njira ya push-pull imagwiritsa ntchito mbewu yapakati yothamangitsa tizilombo, monga mtundu woyenera wa Desmodium, ndi udzu wa m’malire wokopa agulugufe, monga Napier. Ndi dongosolo loyendetsedwa bwino, osati kungobzala chomera chimodzi paliponse. Pezani mbewu ndi malangizo oyenera m’dera lanu musanayambe.

Zomwe Mlimi Angachite ndi Manja

M’munda waung’ono, vuto loyambirira lingachepetsedwe pophwanya mazira ndi kuchotsa mphutsi zooneka. Valani magolovesi. Musauze ana kugwira mphutsi, mbewu zothiridwa mankhwala kapena zida zopopera.

Musathire dothi, phulusa, sopo, mafuta kapena zosakaniza zopangidwa kunyumba mkati mwa chimanga popanda malangizo atsopano a alangizi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi chitetezo cha mbewu n’zovuta kulamulira. Lembani zomwe mwachita ndipo yang’ananinso kuti mudziwe ngati kuwonongeka kwatsopano kukuchepa.

Nthawi Yoganizira Mankhwala

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo aganiziridwe pokhapokha ngati ntchemberezandonda zatsimikizidwa ndipo malangizo a m’deralo akunena kuti kuchitapo kanthu n’koyenera. Kulembetsa mankhwala ndi malangizo zimasintha. Malinga ndi Lamulo la Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo la Malawi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala olembetsedwa ndi Pesticides Control Board. Pezani mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa panopa ndi label yake kwa mlangizi kapena wogulitsa wovomerezeka. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala chifukwa chakuti anagwira ntchito kudziko lina kapena dzina lake ndi lodziwika.

Ngati alangizidwa kupopera, tsatirani label pa mlingo, kuchuluka kwa madzi, zovala zodzitetezera, nthawi yobwerera m’munda ndi nthawi yodikira musanakolole. Musasakanize mankhwala kapena kuwonjezera mlingo ngati label silikulola. Sungani anthu, ziweto, chakudya, mbewu ndi madzi kutali ndi malo osakanizira ndi kupopera.

Mphutsi zazing’ono zimakhala zosavuta kuzifikira kusiyana ndi zazikulu zobisala mkati mwa chimanga. N’chifukwa chake kuyang’anira msanga kuli kofunika. Sinthani magulu a mankhwala motsatira malangizo a katswiri; kusintha dzina la kampani sikutanthauza kuti active ingredient kapena resistance group yasintha.

Zolakwa Zoyenera Kupewa

• Kupopera mutangoona mbewu imodzi yowonongeka osayang’ana munda.
• Kusokoneza mabowo akale ndi vuto lomwe likupitirirabe.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osalembetsedwa kapena mlingo wa kudziko lina.
• Kuonjezera mphamvu chifukwa kupopera koyamba sikuoneka kugwira ntchito.
• Kupha tizilombo tothandiza chifukwa chopopera mobwerezabwereza.
• Kulola ana kusakaniza, kunyamula kapena kupopera mankhwala.
• Kunyalanyaza zovala zodzitetezera ndi nthawi yodikira.

Magwero Odalirika

• FAO: Malangizo oyendera munda chifukwa cha ntchemberezandonda
• FAO: Kasamalidwe kophatikiza ka ntchemberezandonda pa chimanga ku Africa
• icipe: Umboni wa push-pull pa ntchemberezandonda
• Boma la Malawi: Lamulo la Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi mbewu iliyonse yowonongeka imafunika mankhwala?

Ayi. Tsimikizani kuwonongeka kwatsopano, yang’anani mbewu m’munda wonse ndipo tsatirani malangizo atsopano a m’deralo.

Kodi ndingathane ndi ntchemberezandonda popanda mankhwala?

Kuyang’anira msanga, kuchotsa mphutsi m’munda waung’ono, kubzala pa nthawi yake, kusamalira chimanga bwino ndi kuteteza tizilombo tothandiza zingathandize. Pitirizani kuyang’anira.

Kodi misampha ya pheromone imapha tizilombo?

Imathandiza kuyang’anira agulugufe akuluakulu. Siisonyeza kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zili ndi mphutsi zoononga, choncho yang’ananinso chimanga.

Kodi ndigule mankhwala ati?

Gwiritsani ntchito okhawo olembetsedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa panopa ku Malawi pa chimanga ndi ntchemberezandonda. Nkhaniyi sipereka dzina kapena mlingo wa mankhwala.

*Nkhaniyi ndi yophunzitsira basi. Kuchuluka kwa tizirombo, mankhwala ovomerezedwa ndi mikhalidwe ya ulimi zimasiyana. Funsani katswiri wa zaulimi kapena mlangizi wa ulimi musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala kapena kupanga chisankho chachikulu.*